INTRODUCTION: The frequency of Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) increases in children in parallel with the increase in the prevalence of obesity. Early diagnosis and treatment is important.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and relationship with metabolic risk factors of FLD in obese children and adolescents.
METHODS: A total of 280 obese children and adolescents were included in this study. The presence of fatty liver was investigated by ultrasonography (US). The anthropometric (body mass index (BMI) SDS, waist / hip circumference ratio), laboratory parameters (serum glucose, AST, ALT, lipid profile, HOMA-IR) were compared in the group with and without FLD.
RESULTS: ALT levels were high in 49% of the cases. FLD was detected in 63.2% (n = 177). Age, BMI, SDS, waist / hip ratio, ALT, triglyceride, insulin, HOMA-IR values were found to be significantly higher in the FLD group compared to the non FLD group. There was a positive correlation between age, BMI SDS, waist / hip ratio, ALT, triglyceride and HOMA-IR levels and degree of hepatosteatosis. The cut-off value of ALT was 27.5 IU/L with a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 92% for hepatosteatosis.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Fatty Liver Disease is an important cause of morbidity in children. The higher the degree of obesity and age, the higher the incidence of fatty liver disease. High BMI SDS, waist / hip ratio, ALT, triglyceride and HOMA-IR values are associated with FLD. It will be possible to reduce morbidity and mortality related to FLD by identifying and treating associated risk factors.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is defined as a marker of disease activity in various diseases. In this study, it was investigated whether NLR would be an indicator of MS disease activity in MS patients using immunomodulatory therapy.
METHODS: The study included 49 MS patients and 30 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls. C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, NLR of MS patients in the periods of attack and remission, and those of healthy controls were compared retrospectively. SPSS 22 program was used for data evaluation.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age and gender between MS patients and the control group. The number of lymphocytes was lower in MS patients compared to the control group (p <0.05). NLR was significantly higher in patients with MS than healthy controls (p <0.001). Sedimentation rate was higher in MS patients than the control group (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between NLR levels of MS patients during attack and remission periods. Sedimentation rate was higher in the MS attack period than in the remission period (p <0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This in study, it was concluded that NLR was not a marker for disease activity in MS patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy. In addition, in our study, it was thought that the increase in NLR in MS patients compared to healthy controls was related to the decrease in lymphocyte counts.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the relation of disease activity with quality of life and sleep quality in knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS: The study was performed on patients with knee osteoarthritis (n=100; 28 males, 72 females; mean age 58.09 years; range 23 to 85 years). Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification system, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate radiological grading, pain, physical function (disease activity), quality of life, and sleep quality, respectively.
RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations among KL, VAS, WOMAC, and PSQI scores, while significant negative correlations were found between WHOQOL-BREF profiles and KL, VAS, WOMAC, and PSQI scores (all p< 0.01).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that higher disease activity is related to lower quality of life and poorer sleep quality in knee osteoarthritis.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a stroke subtype that can be observed among all age groups, but often affects young adults. CVST is less common than cerebrovascular occlusive diseases and accounts for 0.5-1% of all strokes. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, first-line neurological examination results, etiological factors, treatments and cerebral imaging features of patients with definitive CVST diagnosis based on clinical and radiological evaluation
METHODS: The patient files of a total of 17 patients who were followed up in the neurology clinic between January 2018 and November 2019 due to the diagnosis of definitive CVST were analyzed retrospectively. In these cases demographic, clinical, radiological and treatment results were evaluated
RESULTS: Of 17 patients who were followed up with the diagnosis of CSVT, 5 (29.41%) were male and 12 (70.58%) were female. The mean age and age range of the patients was 36.82 years and 22-78, respectively. The most common clinical presentation, neurological examination outcome and thrombosed sinus was headache, papillary edema, transverse sinus, respectively. In addition, the most common factor in etiology was pregnancy and puerperality
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study examined retrospectively patients with CVST. An eye ground examination should be performed in every patient with new beginner of severe headache and epileptic seizure. A possibility of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis should be considered in pregnant and puerperant patients, whereby cerebral imaging should be performed rapidly in case of clinical suspicion and treatment should be started in the acute period

INTRODUCTION: In DM, changes in blood serum parameters can be observed in addition to blood glucose level. In the treatment of this disease, it is used in traditional herbal treatments besides the drugs known. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of two different thyme (TVL: Thymus vulgaris L., TSL: Thymbra spicata L.) species on serum proteins of diabetic rats.
METHODS: Groups; control, diabetes, diabetes and glibenclamide given, diabetes+TVL 100 mg/kg, diabetes+TVL 200 mg/kg, diabetes+TSL 100 mg/kg, diabetes+TSL 200 mg/kg. The serum proteins were fractionated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis method. The acetate electrophoresis cards were scanned software and the concentrations (g/L) and ratios (%) of the study groups were determined.
RESULTS: There was no difference between control and experimental diabetes in all parameters. it was determineted that: total protein and α1-globulin; decreased significantly in TVL2 and TSL2 groups (p <0.05), albumin levels; decreased (p <0.05) in all groups except for TSL1 and TVL1 groups, α1-globulin; increased significantly in the DMG group (p <0.05), γ-globulin; increased significantly (p<0.05) in TVL2 and TSL1 groups, albumin / globulin (A/G) ratio decreased significantly in DMG and TSL1 groups (p <0.05)
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that serum protein fractions did not change in diabetic rats, but TVL. and TSL extracts affected serum protein fractions of diabetic rats. These results are thought to contribute to future studies in terms of evaluating serum protein changes in studies on thyme species or different plant extracts that can be used in the treatment of DM.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to present the pregnancy outcomes of 48 cases followed up in our clinic with the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
METHODS: Medical records of 48 patients were reviewed retrospectively Diagnostic criteria for ICP: 1-itching 2-laboratory findings supporting ICP (ALT, AST>35U/L, GGT>26U/L, total bilurubin>1.2 mg/dl and serum bile acids>10 µmol/L). All participants were delivered at the 37th week of pregnancy.
RESULTS: The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.4±5.4 weeks, and the mean duration from diagnosis to birth was 29.4±19.5 days. The mean ALT value of the patients was 89.4±63.5 U/L, the AST value was 103.5±57.6 U/L, and the serum bile acid value was 37.8±21.1 µmol/L. Mean birth week was 37.8±21.1 weeks, and birth weight was 3015±465 grams. Preterm delivery occurred in 6 (12.5%) cases. These were all spontaneous preterm births. While 45.8% of the cases delivered vaginally, 54.1% of the patients needed a cesarean section. Cesarean section was performed in 5 patients due to fetal distress. Meconium stained amniotic fluid was observed in 11 cases during delivery. Antepartum death did not occur in any of the cases. The mean 1st minute Apgar score of the newborns was 7.5 ± 2.1, the 5th minute Apgar score was 8.1 ± 1.6. was. 7 (14.5%) babies needed NICU.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: ICP carries severe risks for the fetus and newborn. Pregnancy cholestasis should be considered in the diagnosis of pregnant women who present with common itching complaints, close fetal follow-up and early term delivery should be planned in these patients.

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum depression and sexual dysfunction are common disorders in postpartum period and negatively effects infant’s development. The aim is to evaluate the effect of parameters such as breastfeeding, mode of delivery and birth education program on depression and sexual dysfunction of postpartum women.
METHODS: Postpartum women 3 months after childbirth were enrolled in this cross-sectional cohort study. Postpartum depression risk and sexual dysfunction were scanned by Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS), Female Sexual Function Index(FSFI); socio-demographic and obstetric features were assessed through a self-developed survey including daily life style and breastfeeding.
RESULTS: A total of 89 postpartum women without a history of psychiatric illness were included. 45/89(50.6%) of them completed the birth education program during antenatal period. EPDS and FSFI scores were 6.57 ± 7.2, 26.6 ± 11.4 in those who attended birth education program and 9.70 ±8.3, 19.4±18 in those who did not, respectively(p<0.05).According to the status of breastfeeding or mode of delivery, there was no statistically significant difference in postpartum depression risk and sexual function scores(p>0.05). Additionally, as secondary outcomes we assessed the relation of the birth education program with mode of delivery and breastfeeding. 64.4% of postpartum women who delivered vaginally participated to the birth education program, whereas only 35.6% of women who delivered with caesarean section participated(p=0.056).Secondly, when we compared the status of breastfeeding with participation in the birth preparation program, there was no significance(p=0.4).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study has shown that systematic and multidisciplinary developed birth education program reduces the possibility of postpartum depression and improves level of sexual function.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on thyroid functions in cases where chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given in our pediatric hematology unit and the treatment resulted in healing, and at least two years after the end of treatment.

METHODS: Patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, under 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis, treated according to acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment protocols, bone marrow transplantation, non-recurrence, and at least 2 years post-treatment were included. The examinations and demographic features of the cases performed in the outpatient clinic controls were recorded retrospectively from their files and electronic recording system.

RESULTS: Forty-five cases aged 6 years and over in girls and 5 years and over in boys were evaluated. Radiotherapy was applied in addition to chemotherapy in 14 cases, and all of them were given prophylactic cranial radiotherapy. Six of the patients received 12 Gy and 8 received 18 Gy. In 2 (45%) of 45 cases, TSH values were between 5.5-10 µU / L. None of the patients had TSH> 10 µU / L. All patients had normal ST4 levels. When compared with thyroid functions, patients who received and did not receive cranial radiotherapy did not differ statistically.


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, late side effects were not detected in terms of thyroid functions in patients who received chemotherapy and prophylactic cranial radiotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: In Tympanosclerosis and Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) surgery; the presence of anteriorly located sigmoid sinus (ALSS), high jugular bulbus (HJB) and carotid artery dehiscence may provide a basis for undesired morbid and / or mortal complications. Therefore, it is important to evaluate these anomalies radiologically before the operation. In our study, we aimed to compare the findings of Temporal Bone Computed Tomography (TBCT) in terms of the frequency and radiological features of ALSS, HJB and carotid artery dehiscence in patients with tympanosclerosis and CSOM.
METHODS: In our study, TBCT of patients who were diagnosed with 30 tympanosclerosis and 30 CSOM between March 2017 and March 2019 and therefore operated on were therefore retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: While HJB was detected in 8 (26.6%) of patients with CSOM, it was present in 11 (36.6%) of patients with tympanosclerosis. While ALSS was detected in 14 (46.6%) patients with CSOM, it was present in 21 (70%) of patients with tympanosclerosis. According to our findings, the frequency of HJB, ALSS and bilateral occurence in tympanosclerosis cases, was higher than CSOM, although it was not statistically significant. While none of the patients with CSOM had carotid artery dehiscence, 2 of the patients with tympanosclerosis had carotid artery dehiscence.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, HJB and ALSS were detected in significant numbers in our study. Therefore, we think that TBCT examination and preoperative evaluation are necessary in order to avoid possible complications, especially in cases with tympanosclerosis with higher frequency of ALSS, HJB and carotid artery dehiscence.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common malignant plasma cell disease (1). Advances in treatment in the last 10 years have enabled longer overall survival and progression-free survival. Despite these advances in treatment, patients who are followed up without treatment recur after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Maintenance therapy strategies have been introduced to delay relapse. We wanted to share the results of patients with MM, for whom we applied lenalidomide maintenance therapy in our center.
METHODS: Between January 2018-January 2020, 22 patients were included in the study, who were diagnosed with MM and received ASCT, and were ineligible for transplantation, started lenalidomide maintenance treatment after induction treatment.
RESULTS: Five of the patients developed neutropenia (20%), three of them developed thrombocytopenia (12%), and nine of them developed pneumonia (36%). The maintenance treatment was discontinued in eight of the patients (32%), due to infection, progression of the disease and toxicity. Fourth line treatments was started in patients who discontinued lenalidomide. In the end, one patient died due to the progressive disease (4%). It was followed that one patient was stable disease, six were complete remission, the other six were partial remission, and 11 patients were very good partial remission to the treatment. Patients received lenalidomide maintenance treatment from two months the least, and 44 months (median 12 months) the most.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Therefore, we recommend that, after induction and consolidation treatments, patients should keep receiving maintenance treatments, as long as there is no progression in the symptoms of the disease, and patients can tolerate.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effect of seasonal drugs on intraocular pressure (IOP) in the long term in pediatric age group who are followed up and treated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) diagnosis.
METHODS: The study included 230 cases under the age of 16 who received SAC treatment for 5 years or more (Group I), and 255 healthy cases under the age of 16 in the control group (Group II). IOP measurements of the patients were made with non-contact tonometry. Mean IOP values of both groups were statistically compared.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 9.3±2.0 in group I and 9.1±2.1 in group II. The mean duration of treatment in SAC patients was 5.3±0.7 years. In group I, the mean IOP was 13.7±3.1 mmHg in the right eye, 13.7±2.8 mmHg in the left eye, while in group II the mean IOP was 13.8±3.1 mmHg in the right eye and 13.9±3.0 mmHg in the left eye. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean IOP values of two groups (P>0.05). Temporary IOP elevation due to corticosteroid treatment was observed in 11 patients (4.8%) in group I. In all these patients, IOP lowered to normal limits after corticosteroid treatment discontinued.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was observed that medical treatment, which is given periodically with the diagnosis of SAC in pediatric cases, does not have a permanent effect on IOP in the long term. We think that close follow-up is important to realize possible acute IOP elevation in these patients.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to compare the use of surfactant by invasive (intubation tube) and less invasive (thin catheter) methods in preterm babies who received surfactant treatment with the diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome.
METHODS: The babies whose gestational week was 32nd gestational week and/or below and who needed surfactant treatment were included in the study. Sixty patients who needed surfactant replacement for respiratory distress syndrome were included in the study. Poractant alfa (200 mg/kg/dose) was given to all cases. The cases were randomized into LISA and INSURE group.
RESULTS: During the administration of surfactant, no complications were observed in 90% of the patients in the INSURE group and in 63.3% of the patients in the LISA group. In the LISA group, it was found that intubation was significantly lower in the first 72 hours in terms of flow. It was found that the need for mechanical ventilation and mortality rates were higher in INSURE. No citations were found among the groups when he asked for repeated surfactant. There was no significant feature among the groups in terms of Respiratory distress syndrome complications.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Both methods can be used in surfactant replacement therapy, but desaturation is more common during surfactant treatment with a thin catheter. Application difficulties of the catheter method are the disadvantages of the method. However, it seems more successful than the INSURE method because it does not require intubation and positive pressure ventilation, the need for mechanical ventilation support and the duration of stay in mechanical ventilation is less.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues as a global health problem. In vitamin-D deficiency, which has an immunomodulating effect, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis progression and viral replication have been increased. In our study, we aimed to examine the relationship between vitamin-D and liver histopathology in chronic HBV patients.
METHODS: 137 patients with chronic HBV diagnosis from the outpatient clinic of our hospital between September/2017-November/2019 were included in the study. The demographic data, vitamin-D levels, histopathological data, accompanying comorbid diseases, medications and previous operations were recorded. The relationship between fibrosis, inflammation level and vitamin-D was analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 137 patients, 62(45.2%) women, were included in the study. As a result of liver biopsy; while 25(18.2%) patients had no fibrosis, 77(56.2%) patients had mild fibrosis and 35(25.6%) patients had significant fibrosis. It was observed that age increased with increasing fibrosis-stage (p<0.001). As the level of fibrosis increases, AST, GGT, ALP, total direct bilirubin increase (p<0.001). Albumin, leukocyte, hemoglobin, platelet values decrease as fibrosis increases (p<0.001). There was no relationship between vitamin-D levels and fibrosis. While histological activity index (HAI)<6 in 63(61.7%) patients, HAI was found to be 6-18 in 39(38.3%) patients. Low vitamin-D was found to be significantly associated with the HAI index (p=0.026).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We think that there should be an increase in the awareness of physicians in order to prevent pathological conditions secondary to the deficiency of vitamin-D, which prevents inflammation in the liver by decreasing the inflammation in the liver due to its immunomodulating function.

INTRODUCTION: To assess demographic characteristics in patients with ocular Behçet’s disease who use off-label drugs in Turkey.
METHODS: The applications for off-label drug use (infliximab, adalimumab, mycophenolat mofetil) from hospitals in Turkey to the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency from January to December 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. The files of the cases were evaluated in terms of demographic data, previous treatment regimens and reasons for referral.
RESULTS: The study included 124 patients who were admitted for off-label drug use. The mean age of the patients was 32.1 ± 7.9 years. While 72.6% of all applications were male, 27.4% were female. Seventy-eight percent of the applicants were from Marmara and Central Anatolia. Infliximab was the most applied off-label drug in ocular Behçet’s disease at a rate of 75% in Turkey. When the hospitals that applied were taken, the state universities took the first place with a ratio of 88% and the education and research hospitals came to the fore with a 6.5% rate.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Examination of demographic data on off-label drug use can be a guide in terms of providing the necessary convenience in legislation in line with drug preferences.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to examine depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress levels and their relationship with sociodemographic and occupational variables in health care workers who have been on duty during the COVID-19 outbreak, in a university hospital.
METHODS: 131 health care workers included in the study during May to July 2020. We used sociodemographic data form, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Impact of Events Scale- Revised for data collection.
RESULTS: 13.7% of the participants had symptoms of depression and 26.7% of them had generalized anxiety symptoms. 26.4% of them experienced mild and more severe post-traumatic stress symptoms. According to logistic regression analysis: having a relative or colleague with the diagnose COVID-19, insufficient knowledge about infection prevention predict post-traumatic stress, depression and generalized anxiety; discordance with co-workers is related to post-traumatic stress and depression symptoms; persons who have less professional experience and have a history of psychiatric illness experience intenser post-traumatic stress and generalized anxiety symptoms; insufficient personal protective equipment supply is connected to higher post-traumatic stress levels and discordance with the team leader predicts generalized anxiety.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In risky periods such as outbreaks, informing health care workers about how to protect them from threats, providing adequate and appropriate personal protective equipment, providing a positive working environment and good leadership practices seem to protect health care workers from psychopathologies like depression, post-traumatic stress and generalized anxiety.

INTRODUCTION: On December 8, 2019, pneumonia cases of unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, China's Hubei province, and the World Health Organization (WHO) revealed on January 7, 2020 that the cause of pneumonia is a new coronavirus that causes infection in humans. Our aim is to present the general characteristics of covid 19 patients with definite diagnosis in intensive care and service and to share our treatment experiences of these patients.
METHODS: 103 patients with positive PCR Covid 19 test results who were hospitalized between 17 March 2020 - 1 May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 42 (28-58) and 58.3% of them were male. The frequency of HT and DM and the typical radiological appearance rate were significantly higher in patients followed up in the intensive care unit compared to the patients followed in the service. The most common symptoms were cough, fever, shortness of breath and sore throat. While lymphocyte and albumin levels were significantly lower in intensive care patients; CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin, LDH, NLO, PLO and CAR levels were significantly higher. The rate of Tocilizumab treatment in intensive care patients was significantly higher than in patients hospitalized in the service.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, we determined that patients in need of intensive care were older, typical radiological appearance on CT was more frequent, comorbid conditions were higher, inflammatory parameters were higher, and combined treatment requirements were found.

INTRODUCTION: With posterior interhemispheric approach (PIA) it is possible to reach the cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, splenium of the corpus callosum, thalamus and some other parasplenial neural and vascular structures. To expose this surgical corridor wide enough it is crucial to make a smart bone opening. In this study, usefulness of 3D reconstructions of the preoperative magnetic resonance images (MRI) prepared with a novel technique to reveal parietal bridging-vein and its anatomical relation with lambda is evaluated.
METHODS: Between December 2011 and May 2013, for all virgin cases that were planned to be operated via PIA, 3D reconstructions of the preoperative MRI were prepared and compared with the surgical view. These 3D images were used to plan the craniotomy site. All cases were evaluated in means of adequate craniotomy size and complication of bridging vein injury.
RESULTS: In the given period 24 virgin cases which were operated via PIA were included in the study. In all cases, the 3D-images were reflective of the surgical view after durotomy. Anatomical relations between lambda, parietooccipital notch and parietal bridging veins were shown and used for preoperative planning for craniotomy-site. Only in one case there were the need to extend the craniotomy caudally. There were no bridging vein injury.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The novel technique described in this study is useful for preoperative planning of craniotomy site in cases to be operated via PIA. This technique also facilitates the protection of bridging veins during craniotomy and durotomy by revealing its location prior to opening.

INTRODUCTION: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease that does not have a vaccine and negatively affects the quality of life of patients. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the knowledge levels and attitudes of intern dentistry students (Group 1) and assistant dentists (Group 2) about AIDS.
METHODS: Participants who volunteered for this cross-sectional study were distributed a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts (demographic characteristics, AIDS knowledge level and attitude) and multiple choice questions. Chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05.
RESULTS: 89 participants (46 female, 43 male), with an average age of 24.26 (± 2.52) completed the study. The volunteers were distributed to the groups at a rate of 64% (Group 1) and 36% (Group 2). 97.8% of the participants stated that AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease. In the information scale part of the questionnaire, only the answers given to the statement "Coughing of an AIDS patient can transmit the disease" are significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.023). In all attitude scale questions, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p> 0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the results of this study show an acceptable awareness for both groups in terms of recognizing the AIDS and its transmission routes, there are still prejudices in terms of perspective and attitude towards the disease. Educational programs should be planned for physicians and physician candidates to have more information about the disease.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine anesthesia-related mortality and intraoperative mortality (IOM) incidences and the associated risk factors.
METHODS: The operations between the years of 2010-2019 were retrospectively reviewed. It was found that 87 of 351,930 patients who were anesthetized in the last 10 years died. Each patient who died was recruited into one of the patient/condition-related, surgical-related, or anesthesia-related mortality groups. Patient characteristics were determined as age, gender, ASA PS score, and comorbidities. Surgical procedures were classified as minor/intermediate, major, and major complex. Anesthesia type was recorded. Operative time, the requirement for vasopressor and the invasive monitoring were determined.
RESULTS: The incidence of IOM and anesthesia-related mortality were 2.47 and 0.28 per 10,000 patients, respectively. The IOM group had a higher rate of out-of-hours work, surgical emergency, prolonged operative time, high comorbidity rate, high ASA PS score, major complex surgeries, use of VP, and invasive monitoring. Surgical emergency (p: 0.000), use of VP (p: 0.002), and invasive monitoring (p: 0.000) were independent determinants of IOM. Major complex surgeries (p: 0.007), surgical emergency (p: 0.000), use of VP (p: 0.002), and invasive monitoring (0.000) were potentially associated factors in anesthesia-related mortality.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The incidence of IOM and anesthesia-related mortality were 2.47 and 0.28 per 10,000 patients, respectively. The fact that anesthesia-related mortality was associated with drug administration is important for the development of preventive measures. Primary prevention may play a key role in reducing the high fatality. These results indicate the need for improving medical perioperative practices in high-risk and emergency patients.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we have planned to evaluate the frequency of Influenza virüs in our region and identified Influenza virüs prevelance using Immune Fluorescent Antibody(IFA) technique.
METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swab samples were included in our study. Simultaneously, the patients giving samples were asked if they had been vaccinated against flu in that year. The samples identified as Influenza in our study were included in subtyping research using Real Time PCR. And Influenza virus prevelance using Immune Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) technique is identified.
RESULTS: 4 (2.4%) of all patients were detected with RSV, 16 (9.8%) with Influenza A, and 1(1.1%) with H5N1. 2(2.7%) of the adults were RSV-positive and 7(9.4%) of them were Influenza-A-positive. In this study Influenza B was not identified in any of the patients. There was not any significant difference between the test results of those vaccinated and not vaccinated; between children and adults, or between males and females
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Influenza is an acute infection characterised with rapid onset of fever, fatigue, headache and myalgia. It is a disease that limits itself and the signs and symptoms fade, unless there are any complications. Epidemic influenza that arises at specific periods is mostly caused by Influenza A and B subtypes. Subtype C, causing epidemies rarely, is seen as a masked infection where no signs or symptoms are present, or as a mild disease in children. In the light of above introduction, Influenzae A,B Infection rates should be investigated periodically.

INTRODUCTION: Neutropenic Enterocolitis (NE) is a serious complication characterized by transmural inflammation of the large and small intestines, with especially the cecum. The diagnosis of NE is usually based on a combination of clinical and radiological findings, and the most reliable method in diagnosis is computed tomography (CT).
In this study, we wanted to investigate which intestinal segments are affected in 15 patients we diagnose NE with CT and whether there is a relationship between intestinal involvement and prognosis.

METHODS: After the CTs of all patients were examined in detail, they were divided into groups according to the intestinal segments held. Then, by measuring the size of the intestinal wall where it is the thickest, it was investigated whether there is a relationship between intestinal involvement and prognosis.
RESULTS: We detected an increase in mucosal enhancement and wall thicknesses of at least 11 mm in the terminal ileum and other intestinal segments, primarily in the cecum and the ascending colon. The mesentery adjacent to the thickened intestinal segments had inflammatory contamination-heterogeneity and secondary mesenteric stranding, some local lymphadenopathies (LAPs), and free fluid appearance.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, we obtained detailed information in determining intestinal involvement, the length of the affected intestine segment and mesenteric involvement with contrasted abdominal CT. Assuming that the cecum and right colon are affected in almost all cases, we found that additionally terminal ileum involvement is more likely to affect the prognosis than the additional left colon involvement.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to identify seroprevalence of Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and T. gondii in pregnancies, determination of stillbirth and preterm delivery rates and comparison of IgG avidity with avidity in pregnant patients with positive IgG antibodies.
METHODS: The study was carried out by ELISA method in order to investigate Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and T.gondii IgG and IgM antibodies in 300 blood samples taken from pregnant patients between the ages of 18-48 who applied to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic.

RESULTS: Rubella IgG 96% and Rubella IgM 4%, CMV IgG 99%, CMV IgM 1.3%, T. gondii IgG 56.3% and IgM 7.6% seropositivity were detected in pregnant blood samples. The ratios of stillbirth and preterm delivery are respectively determined as Rubella IgM 2 (18.1%) / 4 (17.3%), Rubella IgG 11 (100%) / 22 (95.6%) and CMV IgM 1 (9%) / 2 (8,3%), CMV IgG 11 (100%) / 23 (100%), T. gondii IgM 1 (9%) / 3 (13%), T. gondii IgG 4 (34.7%). The avidity values were determined as 3/0/2 in Rubella, 0/0/3 in Cytomegalovirus and 8/1/12 in T. gondii in low / gray zone / high values respectively
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, Toxoplasma gondii, Cytomegalovirus and Rubella, which may cause aborts or stillbirths, are among the important health problems in pregnant patients in our region. It has been concluded that serologic methods may be a method of guiding medicine in diagnosing these infections and clarifying suspicious cases by performing IgG avidity test.

Morning Glory Syndrome is a the funnel shaped optic disc anomaly which is surrounded by chorioretinal pigment epithelium ring and an elevated in comparision with its surrounding. In this study, clinical features of a case who has morning glory syndrome was offered.

Introduction

In the urinary system, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, mostly located in the kidney, are rare benign spindle cell tumors. In this case, it was aimed to present diagnostic and treatment approach to an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of kidney with invasion of the splenic flexure.

Case

A 58-year-old female patient who had left flunk pain for one month applied to urology clinic. There was no pathology except tenderness on deep palpation in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Laboratory parameters were normal. Computed tomography (CT) was planned for further examination when there was a cystic area adjacent to left kidney in ultrasonography. Tomography revealed a cystic area between left kidney and splenic flexure. Percutaneous catheter was inserted to drain the cyst. When suspicious gastrointestinal content came out during drainage, contrast transition was evaluated by applying contrast from the drain. Contrast transition occurred towards the left colon during the CT scan. Therefore, surgery was planned. The patient underwent nephrectomy, splenectomy, and left colon resection anastomosis with midline incision. One drain was placed in the left pararectal area and the other in the pelvic cavity. The patient was discharged on the postoperative 9th day without complication. In the histopathological evaluation, it was observed that the pathology was compatible with the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT).

Conclusion

IMT is a rare tumor, and there is no sufficient examination alone for diagnosis. IMT is diagnosed with a multidisciplinary approach that includes clinical findings, laboratory parameters, imaging tools and immunohistochemistry studies.

Warthin tumor is one of the common benign tumors of the parotid gland. Its incidence comes in second place after pleomorphic adenoma. Histologically, Warthin tumor is a benign salivary gland tumor surrounded by capsule and containing oncocytic epithelium and lymphoid stroma. The incidence of oncocytic lesions in laryngeal biopsies is 0.5-1%. They are often seen in the parotid gland in the head and neck region. This case is presented due to the association with Warthin tumor located in parotid gland and rare oncocytic cyst of larynx in a 57-year-old male patient.